{"id":507,"date":"2023-02-26T16:07:25","date_gmt":"2023-02-26T16:07:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/?p=507"},"modified":"2025-09-09T15:46:14","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T15:46:14","slug":"the-euro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/el-euro\/","title":{"rendered":"EL EURO"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; padding_top_bottom_link_1=&#8221;true&#8221; padding_top_bottom_link_2=&#8221;false&#8221; padding_left_right_link_1=&#8221;true&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0|0px|0|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_width_px__hover=&#8221;1080px&#8221; custom_width_px__hover_enabled=&#8221;1080px&#8221; custom_width_percent__hover=&#8221;80%&#8221; custom_width_percent__hover_enabled=&#8221;80%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; make_fullwidth__hover=&#8221;off&#8221; make_fullwidth__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_width__hover=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; width_unit__hover=&#8221;on&#8221; width_unit__hover_enabled=&#8221;on&#8221; use_custom_gutter__hover=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_gutter__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221; gutter_width__hover=&#8221;3&#8243; gutter_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;3&#8243; make_equal__hover=&#8221;off&#8221; make_equal__hover_enabled=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;rgba(42,46,64,0.71) 0%|rgba(42,46,64,0) 100%&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;rgba(42,46,64,0.71)&#8221; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;rgba(42,46,64,0)&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; padding_phone=&#8221;|||&#8221; padding_tablet=&#8221;30px|30px|30px|30px|true|true&#8221; padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;SUBJECTS&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;895px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_level=&#8221;h1&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;3em&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/cabecera_temas.png&#8221; min_height=&#8221;200px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;60px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;60px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;60px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;3_5,2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>EL EURO<\/h2>\n<p><a class=\"area\" href=\"#\">ECONOM\u00cdA<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"contenidos_tema\">\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3>Objetivos espec\u00edficos y competencias<\/h3>\n<div class=\"objetivos_tema\">\n<ul>\n<li>Conocer el origen de la moneda \u00fanica y qu\u00e9 pa\u00edses forman parte de ella.<\/li>\n<li>Comprender los principios que rigen la pol\u00edtica monetaria de la zona del euro.<\/li>\n<li>Comprender el papel del BCE como coordinador de la pol\u00edtica monetaria en la zona del euro.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Contenido<\/h3>\n<div class=\"contenidos_tema\">\n<ul>\n<li>Los planes para la creaci\u00f3n de la Uni\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica y Monetaria (UEM) comenzaron con la publicaci\u00f3n, por la entonces Comunidad Econ\u00f3mica Europea (CEE), del Informe Barre en 1969, que preve\u00eda una mayor coordinaci\u00f3n de las pol\u00edticas econ\u00f3micas de los Estados miembros.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1s tarde, en 1979, el<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecb.int\/ecb\/educational\/facts\/euint\/html\/ei_003.en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sistema Monetario Europeo<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>se cre\u00f3 como respuesta al colapso del sistema establecido en Breton Woods, que hab\u00eda garantizado la estabilidad monetaria desde la posguerra. Este sistema, conocido como \"patr\u00f3n oro\", vinculaba el d\u00f3lar al precio oficial del oro, mientras que los dem\u00e1s pa\u00edses establec\u00edan sus tipos de cambio fijos con respecto al d\u00f3lar.<\/li>\n<li>Tras la firma del Tratado de Maastricht, en 1992, se cre\u00f3 el nuevo marco de la Uni\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica y Monetaria (UEM). En aquel momento, qued\u00f3 clara la necesidad de una moneda com\u00fan para reducir el coste de las transacciones entre las empresas de la UE y aprovechar todo el potencial que ofrec\u00eda el mercado \u00fanico<\/li>\n<li>En<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecb.int\/ecb\/educational\/facts\/euint\/html\/ei_003.en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tres fases<\/a>\u00a0anteriores a la creaci\u00f3n de la UEM fueron:\n<ul>\n<li>A partir de 1990: desmantelamiento de las barreras internas a la libre circulaci\u00f3n de mercanc\u00edas, personas, servicios y capitales dentro de la UE.<\/li>\n<li>La entrada en servicio del Instituto Monetario Europeo (IME), en 1994, que marc\u00f3 el inicio de los preparativos t\u00e9cnicos y estableci\u00f3 los primeros requisitos para su implantaci\u00f3n en los Estados miembros. En 1998, el<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Banco Central Europeo (BCE)<\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>sustituy\u00f3 al IME.<\/li>\n<li>En 1999 se establecieron tipos de cambio fijos entre las monedas nacionales y el euro. El Consejo de la UE hab\u00eda certificado previamente que los once Estados miembros participantes cumpl\u00edan los criterios exigidos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Una serie de<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecb.int\/ecb\/educational\/facts\/euint\/html\/ei_005.en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criterios de convergencia<\/a>\u00a0se establecieron para garantizar la estabilidad de la UEM. Estos objetivos podr\u00edan resumirse en: control del d\u00e9ficit p\u00fablico, estabilidad de precios, tipos de inter\u00e9s bajos, estabilidad del tipo de cambio durante al menos los dos a\u00f1os anteriores y garant\u00eda de compatibilidad entre la legislaci\u00f3n nacional y la establecida en los tratados.<\/li>\n<li>Por \u00faltimo, el 1<sup>st<\/sup><span>\u00a0<\/span>En enero de 2002 se pusieron en circulaci\u00f3n las monedas y billetes de euro, en lo que supuso el mayor cambio de este tipo en la historia.<\/li>\n<li>La introducci\u00f3n del euro ha tenido muchas ventajas para los ciudadanos de la UE. Aun as\u00ed, tambi\u00e9n ha provocado bastantes cr\u00edticas, sobre todo por su efecto en los precios y el consiguiente aumento del coste de la vida. Estas son algunas de las consecuencias de la introducci\u00f3n del euro.\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecb.int\/ecb\/educational\/facts\/euint\/html\/ei_007.en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Positivo:<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>tipos de inter\u00e9s bajos, mayor transparencia de precios, eliminaci\u00f3n de los costes de transacci\u00f3n y de las fluctuaciones del tipo de cambio.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecb.int\/ecb\/educational\/facts\/euint\/html\/ei_008.en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Negativo:<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>subida de precios, endeudamiento privado y p\u00e9rdida de control sobre una parte de la pol\u00edtica econ\u00f3mica. Tambi\u00e9n, la capacidad de reunir y mover grandes cantidades de dinero en un espacio reducido que ofrecen los billetes de 500 euros, lo que ha facilitado la actividad del crimen organizado, la evasi\u00f3n fiscal y la econom\u00eda sumergida, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(175,206,51,0.51)&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"debates\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-216 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/debateGD-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" \/> <strong>Debates<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">A partir de la explicaci\u00f3n de las posibles consecuencias de que un Estado miembro abandone el euro, discuta las ventajas e inconvenientes de tal medida.<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.expansion.com\/2012\/05\/30\/economia\/1338391564.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6 razones por las que Espa\u00f1a debe salir del euro<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(es)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"selected\" href=\"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/el-euro\/\">EL EURO<\/a>\n<ul class=\"submenu_tema_interior\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/the-european-central-bank\/\">El Banco Central Europeo<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(175,206,51,0.51)&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"debates\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/DocumentosGD-1.png\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-217 alignnone size-full\" \/> <strong>Documentos<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong>&gt; 15<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Did_the_euro_cause_prices_rise_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00bfEs el euro el responsable del aumento de los precios?<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(es) (en)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong>&gt; 15<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Intoduction_of_the_euro_in_the_most_recently_acceded_countries.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eurobar\u00f3metro sobre la introducci\u00f3n del euro<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/a>(en)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong>&gt; 15<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/bruegel.org\/2018\/12\/ecbs-huge-forecasting-errors-undermine-credibility-of-current-forecasts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Credibilidad del BCE a la hora de hacer predicciones<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(en)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(175,206,51,0.51)&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"debates\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MapasGD-1.png\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222 alignnone size-full\" \/> <strong>Mapas<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong>&gt; 15<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/The_Euro_area_en-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La zona euro<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(es, en)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(175,206,51,0.51)&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"debates\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Imgenes_fotografasGD-1.png\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-220 alignnone size-full\" \/> <strong>Im\u00e1genes<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong>&gt; 15<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Ao_entrada_en_circulacin_del_euro-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A\u00f1o de entrada en circulaci\u00f3n del euro<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(\u00a9 Uni\u00f3n Europea, 2013)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(175,206,51,0.51)&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"debates\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-218\" src=\"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Enlaces-externosGD-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" \/> <strong>Enlace externo<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div id=\"main-content-container\" class=\"grid_24\">\n<div id=\"main-content-inner\">\n<div class=\"col2\">\n<div class=\"columna_lateral\">\n<div class=\"pin pin_resources_card\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong><span class=\"age\">&gt; 15\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eurozone.europa.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">P\u00e1gina web de la zona del euro<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong>&gt; 15<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/legislation_summaries\/glossary\/convergence_criteria_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los criterios de convergencia<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/a>(da, de, el, en, es, it, fr, fi, nl, pt, sv)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong>&gt; 15<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/ecb\/history\/emu\/html\/index.en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Informaci\u00f3n complementaria sobre las fases de la UEM<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(bg, da, et, cs, de, el, es, en, fr, it, lv, lt, hu, mt, nl, pl, pt, ro, sl, sk, fi, sv)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong>&gt; 15<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/economy_finance\/euro\/world\/outside_euro_area\/index_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">El euro fuera de la zona del euro<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(en)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong>&gt; 15<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/economy_finance\/euro\/world\/index_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">El euro en el mundo<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(bg, da, et, cs, de, el, es, en, fr, it, lv, lt, hu, mt, nl, pl, pt, ro, sl, sk, fi, sv)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong>&gt; 15<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/robertmundell.net\/2012\/11\/robert-mundells-plan-for-a-european-currency-1969\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">El plan de Robert Mundell para una moneda europea<\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span>(en)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"age\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>THE EURO ECONOMY Specific Objectives and Competences To know the origin of the single currency and which countries form part of it. To understand the principles which govern the monetary policy of the euro area. To understand the role of the ECB as the coordinator of monetary policy within the euro area. Contents The plans [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28,26,29,35,30],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=507"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":948,"href":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507\/revisions\/948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learneurope.eu\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}